The IRS is intensifying its oversight of cryptocurrency taxpayers, issuing over 125,000 warning and compliance letters as part of a national campaign to close the crypto tax gap. The surge in outreach follows a wider government push to integrate digital asset reporting more deeply into the U.S. tax framework. For taxpayers and crypto platforms alike, this signals a significant shift in how digital currency activity will be tracked, categorized, and enforced going forward.

What the Letters Mean

The IRS recently sent out three types of notices: Letter 6173, Letter 6174, and Letter 6174-A. Each of these include escalating levels of urgency. These notices are not mere reminders. They reflect findings from data collected through exchanges, subpoenas, and cross-border agreements. If you received one, the agency already suspects noncompliance. Some letters urge recipients to file amended returns or face audits and potential penalties.

While this isn’t the IRS’s first foray into digital asset enforcement, the scale and specificity of this campaign stand out. The agency is no longer asking whether taxpayers understand crypto rules, it’s telling them what it already knows and expecting corrective action.

Why the Crackdown Now?

The move aligns with federal efforts to modernize tax enforcement around digital assets. Starting in 2025 (for tax year 2024), crypto brokers, including exchanges, wallet providers, and payment platforms, will be required to issue 1099-DA forms. This requirement mimics the kind of reporting traditional brokers have long provided for stock trades, creating new visibility for the IRS.

The agency is also benefiting from increasing collaboration with foreign governments. Under the Joint Chiefs of Global Tax Enforcement (J5) and similar initiatives, data from offshore exchanges and wallets is now more accessible than ever. For taxpayers who assumed overseas accounts were out of reach, that assumption no longer holds.

Who’s Most at Risk?

The IRS is targeting individuals who may have failed to report gains, misclassified crypto income, or underreported the value of digital assets. Common triggers include:

• Deposits or withdrawals from known crypto exchanges
• Peer-to-peer transactions above certain thresholds
• Involvement with decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols
• Cross-border transfers without disclosures (e.g., FBAR/FinCEN 114)

Some notices are being sent even to taxpayers who filed returns but may have made reporting errors, particularly in cost basis or fair market value calculations.

What Taxpayers Should Do

If you received a letter, don’t ignore it. Review your filings and consult a tax professional familiar with digital assets. Even if you haven’t received a notice, now is the time to audit your crypto activity from previous years, especially 2021 and 2022, when market activity spiked.

Key steps include:

• Reviewing all exchange transactions and wallet activity
• Correcting returns if gains or income were omitted
• Documenting cost basis for each asset sold
• Filing late FBARs if offshore holdings exceeded $10,000

Penalties for noncompliance can include accuracy-related penalties, failure-to-file penalties, and even criminal charges for willful violations.

Looking Ahead: Increased Automation and Data Sharing

The IRS’s digital asset enforcement is only getting more automated. With the rollout of Form 1099-DA and continued use of blockchain analytics tools, taxpayers can expect fewer opportunities for errors to go unnoticed.

For crypto platforms, the burden is growing too. The upcoming broker requirements will demand sophisticated tracking of cost basis, holding periods, and transfer activity. It’s clear, compliance is now expected and enforced.